Papers, ranked by score

Ordered by a blend of empirical rigor (60%) and math complexity (40%).

Can ChatGPT Forecast Stock Price Movements? Return Predictability and Large Language Models

We document the capability of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT to predict stock market reactions from news headlines without direct financial training. Using post-knowledge-cutoff headlines, GPT-4 captures initial market responses, achieving approximately 90% portfolio-day hit rates for the

Street Traders Math 4.5 Rigor 8.5 ·  April 15, 2023

Does Peer-Reviewed Research Help Predict Stock Returns?

Mining 29,000 accounting ratios for t-statistics $> 2.0$ leads to cross-sectional return predictability similar to the peer review process. For both, $\approx50%$ of predictability remains after the original sample periods. This finding holds for many categories of research, including research with

Street Traders Math 3.5 Rigor 8.5 ·  December 20, 2022

ChatGPT as a Time Capsule: The Limits of Price Discovery

Frozen large language model (LLM) checkpoints extract information from pre-cutoff public text that is associated with future fundamentals and equity returns beyond standard contemporaneous valuation measures. Because each frozen checkpoint has a fixed knowledge cutoff, it can be interpreted as a com

Street Traders Math 3.5 Rigor 8 ·  April 23, 2026

LLM as a Risk Manager: LLM Semantic Filtering for Lead-Lag Trading in Prediction Markets

Prediction markets provide a unique setting where event-level time series are directly tied to natural-language descriptions, yet discovering robust lead-lag relationships remains challenging due to spurious statistical correlations. We propose a hybrid two-stage causal screener to address this chal

Street Traders Math 3.5 Rigor 7.5 ·  February 4, 2026

Forecasting Future Language: Context Design for Mention Markets

Mention markets, a type of prediction market in which contracts resolve based on whether a specified keyword is mentioned during a future public event, require accurate probabilistic forecasts of keyword-mention outcomes. While recent work shows that large language models (LLMs) can generate forecas

Street Traders Math 2.5 Rigor 7.5 ·  February 4, 2026

All That Glisters Is Not Gold: A Benchmark for Reference-Free Counterfactual Financial Misinformation Detection

We introduce RFC Bench, a benchmark for evaluating large language models on financial misinformation under realistic news. RFC Bench operates at the paragraph level and captures the contextual complexity of financial news where meaning emerges from dispersed cues. The benchmark defines two complemen

Street Traders Math 2.5 Rigor 7 ·  January 7, 2026

Your AI, Not Your View: The Bias of LLMs in Investment Analysis

In finance, Large Language Models (LLMs) face frequent knowledge conflicts arising from discrepancies between their pre-trained parametric knowledge and real-time market data. These conflicts are especially problematic in real-world investment services, where a model’s inherent biases can misalign w

Street Traders Math 4 Rigor 6 ·  July 28, 2025

Evaluating LLMs in Finance Requires Explicit Bias Consideration

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into financial workflows, but evaluation practice has not kept up. Finance-specific biases can inflate performance, contaminate backtests, and make reported results useless for any deployment claim. We identify five recurring biases in financi

Street Traders Math 2 Rigor 6.5 Code ·  February 15, 2026

FinAutoRubric: Expert-Guided Automatic Rubric Generation for Evaluating Financial Research Agents

Evaluating finance research agents requires rubrics that reflect expert standards and fix the values correct as of an information cutoff. Expert-reviewed finance benchmarks rely on fixed, per-item rubrics, which are costly to extend and cannot encode each institution’s own standard. In FinAutoRubric

Philosophers ·  September 28, 2026

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