Papers, ranked by score

Ordered by a blend of empirical rigor (60%) and math complexity (40%).

End-to-End Large Portfolio Optimization for Variance Minimization with Neural Networks through Covariance Cleaning

We develop a rotation-invariant neural network that provides the global minimum-variance portfolio by jointly learning how to lag-transform historical returns and how to regularise both the eigenvalues and the marginal volatilities of large equity covariance matrices. This explicit mathematical mapp

Holy Grail Math 8.5 Rigor 8 ·  July 2, 2025

Noise-proofing Universal Portfolio Shrinkage

We enhance the Universal Portfolio Shrinkage Approximator (UPSA) of Kelly et al. (2023) by making it more robust with respect to estimation noise and covariate shift. UPSA optimizes the realized Sharpe ratio using a relatively small calibration window, leveraging ridge penalties and cross-validation

Holy Grail Math 8 Rigor 7 ·  November 13, 2025

Physics-Informed Singular-Value Learning for Cross-Covariances Forecasting in Financial Markets

A new wave of work on covariance cleaning and nonlinear shrinkage has delivered asymptotically optimal analytical solutions for large covariance matrices. Building on this progress, these ideas have been generalized to empirical cross-covariance matrices, whose singular-value shrinkage characterizes

Holy Grail Math 8.5 Rigor 6.5 ·  January 12, 2026

Optimal Covariance Cleaning for Heavy-Tailed Distributions: Insights from Information Theory

In optimal covariance cleaning theory, minimizing the Frobenius norm between the true population covariance matrix and a rotational invariant estimator is a key step. This estimator can be obtained asymptotically for large covariance matrices, without knowledge of the true covariance matrix. In this

Lab Rats Math 8 Rigor 3 ·  April 27, 2023

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