Papers, ranked by score

Ordered by a blend of empirical rigor (60%) and math complexity (40%).

On the use of case estimate and transactional payment data in neural networks for individual loss reserving

The use of neural networks trained on individual claims data has become increasingly popular in the actuarial reserving literature. We consider how to best input historical payment data in neural network models. Additionally, case estimates are also available in the format of a time series, and we e

Holy Grail Math 5.5 Rigor 8.5 ·  December 28, 2025

Machine Learning with High-Cardinality Categorical Features in Actuarial Applications

High-cardinality categorical features are pervasive in actuarial data (e.g. occupation in commercial property insurance). Standard categorical encoding methods like one-hot encoding are inadequate in these settings. In this work, we present a novel Generalised Linear Mixed Model Neural Network (“G

Holy Grail Math 6.5 Rigor 7.5 ·  January 30, 2023

On the evolution of data breach reporting patterns and frequency in the United States: a cross-state analysis

Understanding the emergence of data breaches is crucial for cyber insurance. However, analyses of data breach frequency trends in the current literature lead to contradictory conclusions. We put forward that those discrepancies may be (at least partially) due to inconsistent data collection standard

Holy Grail Math 5.5 Rigor 8 ·  October 7, 2023

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