Papers, ranked by score

Ordered by a blend of empirical rigor (60%) and math complexity (40%).

Application of Deep Reinforcement Learning to At-the-Money S&P 500 Options Hedging

This paper explores the application of deep Q-learning to hedging at-the-money options on the S&P500 index. We develop an agent based on the Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithm, trained to simulate hedging decisions without making explicit model assumptions on price dynam

Holy Grail Math 8.5 Rigor 7.5 ·  October 10, 2025

Forecasting Probability Distributions of Financial Returns with Deep Neural Networks

This study evaluates deep neural networks for forecasting probability distributions of financial returns. 1D convolutional neural networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architectures are used to forecast parameters of three probability distributions: Normal, Student’s t, and skewed Student

Holy Grail Math 6.5 Rigor 8 ·  August 26, 2025

Alternative Loss Function in Evaluation of Transformer Models

The proper design and architecture of testing machine learning models, especially in their application to quantitative finance problems, is crucial. The most important aspect of this process is selecting an adequate loss function for training, validation, estimation purposes, and hyperparameter tuni

Holy Grail Math 6 Rigor 7 ·  July 22, 2025

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