Papers, ranked by score

Ordered by a blend of empirical rigor (60%) and math complexity (40%).

Scaling Laws, Tabular Data and Actuarial Ratemaking Models

Scaling laws in modern deep learning describe how held-out loss improves as model capacity, training data, and compute increase, often following power-law trends. We investigate whether analogous scaling regularities arise in actuarial ratemaking, where data are tabular, heterogeneous, and noisy, an

Holy Grail Math 6.5 Rigor 8 ·  September 2, 2026

Reinforcement Learning for Micro-Level Claims Reserving

Outstanding claim liabilities are revised repeatedly as claims develop, yet most modern reserving models are trained as one-shot predictors and typically learn only from settled claims. We formulate individual claims reserving as a claim-level Markov decision process in which an agent sequentially u

Holy Grail Math 6.5 Rigor 8 ·  January 12, 2026

One-Shot Individual Claims Reserving

Individual claims reserving has not yet become established in actuarial practice. We attribute this to the absence of a satisfactory methodology: existing approaches tend to be either overly complex or insufficiently flexible and robust for practical use. Building on the classical chain-ladder (CL)

Holy Grail Math 5.5 Rigor 7.5 ·  March 12, 2026

Tab-TRM: Tiny Recursive Model for Insurance Pricing on Tabular Data

We introduce Tab-TRM (Tabular-Tiny Recursive Model), a network architecture that adapts the recursive latent reasoning paradigm of Tiny Recursive Models (TRMs) to insurance modeling. Drawing inspiration from both the Hierarchical Reasoning Model (HRM) and its simplified successor TRM, the Tab-TRM mo

Holy Grail Math 5.5 Rigor 7.5 ·  January 12, 2026

From Chain-Ladder to Individual Claims Reserving

The chain-ladder (CL) method is the most widely used claims reserving technique in non-life insurance. This manuscript introduces a novel approach to computing the CL reserves based on a fundamental restructuring of the data utilization for the CL prediction procedure. Instead of rolling forward the

Holy Grail Math 5.5 Rigor 5 ·  February 17, 2026

A Note on the Generalized Cape Cod Reserving Method

Claims reserving is one of the most important actuarial tasks in non-life insurance modeling. There are several popular methods to perform claims reserving such as the chain-ladder (CL), the Bornhuetter–Ferguson (BF) or the generalized Cape Cod (GCC) methods. These methods have originally been intr

Lab Rats Math 6.5 Rigor 3 ·  April 30, 2026

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