Paper: arXiv 2409.18643
Authors: Anna Kiriliouk, Chen Zhou
Abstract
This book chapter illustrates how to apply extreme value statistics to financial time series data. Such data often exhibits strong serial dependence, which complicates assessment of tail risks. We discuss the two main approches to tail risk estimation, unconditional and conditional quantile forecasting. We use the S&P 500 index as a case study to assess serial (extremal) dependence, perform an unconditional and conditional risk analysis, and apply backtesting methods. Additionally, the chapter explores the impact of serial dependence on multivariate tail dependence.
Complexity vs Empirical Score
- Math Complexity: 6.5/10
- Empirical Rigor: 7.5/10
- Quadrant: Holy Grail — high math complexity, high empirical rigor
Why this score: This work is a well-structured book chapter illustrating extreme value theory applications to financial time series. While it relies on established methods (GARCH filtering, Weissman estimator) rather than novel theory, it provides strong empirical rigor, clear exposition, and a complete contrast between conditional and unconditional risk forecasting.
Research Flowchart
flowchart TD
A[Goal: Tail Risk Analysis of Financial Time Series] --> B[Input Data: S&P 500 Index]
B --> C[Assess Serial Extremal Dependence]
C --> D[Unconditional Risk Analysis<br/>Extreme Value Statistics]
C --> E[Conditional Quantile Forecasting<br/>Time-Varying Volatility]
D & E --> F[Perform Backtesting Methods]
F --> G[Outcomes: Validated Tail Risk &<br/>Multivariate Dependence Insights]
Cited References (33)
- Spatial dependence and space–time trend in extreme events (2022)
- An efficient semiparametric maxima estimator of the extremal index (2015)
- Weak convergence of a pseudo maximum likelihood estimator for the extremal index (2018)
- Method of moments estimators for the extremal index of a stationary time series (2020)
- Estimation of parameters and large quantiles based on the (k) largest observations (1978)
- Weighted approximations of tail processes for $\beta$-mixing random variables (2000)
- Extreme quantile estimation for dependent data, with applications to finance (2003)
- Adapting extreme value statistics to financial time series: dealing with bias and serial dependence (2016)
and 25 more
- Testing for changes in (extreme) VaR (2017)
- Tail index estimation: Quantile driven threshold selection (2016)
- Confidence intervals for conditional tail risk measures in ARMA–GARCH models (2019)
- Estimation of tail-related risk measures for heteroscedastic financial time series: an extreme value approach (2000)
- Inference in ARCH and GARCH models with heavy–tailed errors (2003)
- Extremes and local dependence in stationary sequences (1983)
- Inference for clusters of extreme values (2003)
- Estimating the extremal index (1994)
- exdex: Estimation of the Extremal Index (2022)
- A Simple General Approach to Inference About the Tail of a Distribution (1975)
- A horse race between the block maxima method and the peak–over–threshold approach (2021)
- Limit theory for the sample autocorrelations and extremes of a GARCH (1, 1) process (2000)
- Techniques for Verifying the Accuracy of Risk Measurement Models (1995)
- Evaluating Interval Forecasts (1998)
- Using the extremal index for Value-at-Risk backtesting (2020)
- Elicitability and backtesting: Perspectives for banking regulation (2017)
- Extreme correlation of international equity markets (2001)
- Extreme value dependence in financial markets: Diagnostics, models, and financial implications (2004)
- Time-varying extreme value dependence with application to leading European stock markets (2018)
- Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (1986)
- Modelling extremal events: for insurance and finance (2013)
- Extreme events in finance: A handbook of extreme value theory and its applications (2016)
- Asset market linkages in crisis periods (2004)
- Back to the basics in banking? A micro-analysis of banking system stability (2010)
- Non-parametric estimation of tail dependence (2006)
0 of 33 cited works are in the corpus; resolved via arXiv source bundles, Semantic Scholar and OpenAlex. Corpus-wide: 2518 linked papers.