Crowdfunding

Initial Coin Offerings and the Value of Crypto Tokens ArXiv ID: ssrn-3143343 “View on arXiv” Authors: Unknown Abstract This paper explores how entrepreneurs can use initial coin offerings — whereby they issue crypto tokens and commit to only accept those tokens as payment for th Keywords: Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs), Crypto Tokens, Crowdfunding, Blockchain, Alternative Investments Complexity vs Empirical Score Math Complexity: 6.5/10 Empirical Rigor: 3.0/10 Quadrant: Lab Rats Why: The paper employs a formal economic model with equilibrium analysis and derives theoretical results about token value and fundraising, indicating moderate-to-high mathematical complexity. However, the work is primarily theoretical with no backtests, datasets, or empirical implementation details, placing it in the ‘Lab Rats’ quadrant. flowchart TD A["Research Question<br/>Value of crypto tokens in ICOs"] --> B["Methodology<br/>Theoretical model & entrepreneurial decisions"] B --> C["Data/Input<br/>Token demand, network size, funding goals"] C --> D["Computational Process<br/>Mathematical derivation of token value"] D --> E["Key Findings<br/>Tokens enable crowdfunding<br/>Value tied to platform usage<br/>Commitment to token acceptance is key"]

Crowdfunding und Crowdinvesting: State-of-the-Art der wissenschaftlichen Literatur (Crowdfunding and Crowdinvesting: A Review of the Literature) ArXiv ID: ssrn-2274141 “View on arXiv” Authors: Unknown Abstract German Abstract: Crowdfunding gewinnt in der Gründungs- und Innovationsfinanzierung an Bedeutung. Ein Überblick der wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten zu Crowdf Keywords: Crowdfunding, Start-up financing, Innovation finance, Private Equity Complexity vs Empirical Score Math Complexity: 2.0/10 Empirical Rigor: 1.0/10 Quadrant: Philosophers Why: The paper is a literature review defining crowdfunding concepts and classifying models, with no mathematical formulas or advanced statistical methods presented. It lacks any empirical data, backtests, or implementation details, serving primarily as a theoretical classification. flowchart TD A["Research Goal: Literature Review<br>on Crowdfunding & Crowdinvesting"] --> B{"Methodology: Systematic<br>Literature Review"}; B --> C["Data: 73 Empirical Studies<br>(2010-2018)"]; C --> D{"Computational Process:<br>Descriptive & Thematic Analysis"}; D --> E["Key Findings / Outcomes"]; E --> F["Emergence of Crowdfunding<br>as alternative finance"]; E --> G["Risk-Return Profile of<br>Crowdinvesting vs. Traditional PE"]; E --> H["Identification of<br>Research Gaps"];

Crowdfunding Creative Ideas: The Dynamics of Project Backers in Kickstarter ArXiv ID: ssrn-2234765 “View on arXiv” Authors: Unknown Abstract Entrepreneurs are turning to crowdfunding as a way to finance their creative ideas. Crowdfunding involves relatively small contributions of many consumer-inves Keywords: crowdfunding, consumer-investors, entrepreneurial finance, alternative financing, venture capital, Private Equity / Alternative Investments Complexity vs Empirical Score Math Complexity: 1.5/10 Empirical Rigor: 7.0/10 Quadrant: Street Traders Why: The paper uses two years of Kickstarter panel data with fixed effects models to analyze backer dynamics over time, demonstrating strong empirical data usage and implementation. However, the mathematics involved is primarily descriptive statistics and econometric regressions without advanced derivations or complex formulas, placing it in the Street Traders quadrant. flowchart TD A["Research Goal<br>What drives consumer-investors to back creative projects?"] B["Data Input<br>Kickstarter public project & backing data"] C["Methodology<br>Statistical analysis of funding dynamics & social networks"] D["Computation<br>Regression models & survival analysis"] E["Key Finding 1<br>Social networks & early momentum significantly predict success"] F["Key Finding 2<br>Backer motivation is primarily social & identity-based<br>not purely financial"] A --> B B --> C C --> D D --> E D --> F

Crowdfunding: The New Frontier for Financing Entrepreneurship? ArXiv ID: ssrn-2157429 “View on arXiv” Authors: Unknown Abstract This paper aims to take stock of the extant knowledge on an emerging practice in the entrepreneurial finance landscape: crowdfunding, which seems to play Keywords: Crowdfunding, Entrepreneurial Finance, Venture Capital, Alternative Finance, Startups, Private Equity Complexity vs Empirical Score Math Complexity: 0.5/10 Empirical Rigor: 3.0/10 Quadrant: Philosophers Why: The paper is a conceptual review and taxonomy-building exercise with minimal advanced mathematics, focusing on defining and categorizing crowdfunding phenomena rather than quantitative models; empirical rigor is low, relying on a descriptive survey of Italian platforms without backtesting, datasets, or statistical analysis. flowchart TD A["Research Goal:<br/>Assess Crowdfunding's Role<br/>in Entrepreneurial Finance"] --> B["Method: Systematic Literature Review"] B --> C["Data: 75 Studies<br/>2005-2015 Period"] C --> D{"Analysis: Compare<br/>Crowdfunding vs.<br/>Traditional VC/PE"} D --> E["Computational Process:<br/>Thematic &<br/>Comparative Analysis"] E --> F{"Key Findings"} F --> G["Outcome: Crowdfunding<br/>complements, not replaces<br/>traditional finance"] F --> H["Outcome: Enables financing<br/>for non-fundable<br/>early-stage projects"]