Education

Budget Forecasting and Integrated Strategic Planning for Leaders ArXiv ID: 2510.26035 “View on arXiv” Authors: Matt Salehi Abstract This study explored how advanced budgeting techniques and economic indicators influence funding levels and strategic alignment in California Community Colleges (CCCs). Despite widespread implementation of budgeting reforms, many CCCs continue to face challenges aligning financial planning with institutional missions, particularly in supporting diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives. The study used a quantitative correlational design, analyzing 30 years of publicly available economic data, including unemployment rates, GDP growth, and CPI, in relation to CCC funding trends. Results revealed a strong positive correlation between GDP growth and CCC funding levels, as well as between CPI and funding levels, underscoring the predictive value of macroeconomic indicators in budget planning. These findings emphasize the need for educational leaders to integrate economic forecasting into budget planning processes to safeguard institutional effectiveness and sustain programs serving underrepresented student populations. ...

Financial Literacy: If it’s so Important, Why Isn’t it Improving? ArXiv ID: ssrn-923557 “View on arXiv” Authors: Unknown Abstract Financial literacy has assumed greater importance in our society as the result of the increasing complexity of financial products and the simultaneous cutting o Keywords: Financial Literacy, Consumer Protection, Financial Products, Behavioral Economics, Education, Multi-Asset / Personal Finance Complexity vs Empirical Score Math Complexity: 1.0/10 Empirical Rigor: 2.0/10 Quadrant: Philosophers Why: The paper’s focus is on survey data and socioeconomic analysis rather than advanced mathematical modeling or backtest-ready quantitative strategies. It lacks heavy formulas, code, or statistical implementations typical of high-rigor empirical studies. flowchart TD A["Research Question: Why isn't Financial Literacy improving despite its importance?"] --> B["Methodology: Literature Review & Empirical Analysis"] B --> C["Data Sources: National & International Surveys, Behavioral Economics Studies"] C --> D["Computational Process: Comparative Analysis of Literacy vs. Product Complexity"] D --> E{"Key Findings"} E --> F["Literacy scores remain stagnant"] E --> G["Product complexity outpaces education"] E --> H["Behavioral biases limit effectiveness"]

Market Value Calculation and the Solution of Circularity Between Value and the Weighted Average Cost of Capital WACC (A Note on the Weighted Average Cost of Capital WACC) ArXiv ID: ssrn-254587 “View on arXiv” Authors: Unknown Abstract La versión española de este artículo se puede encontrar en http://ssrn.com/abstract=279460 Most finance textbooks Keywords: education, pedagogy, financial literacy, textbook analysis, financial education Complexity vs Empirical Score Math Complexity: 6.0/10 Empirical Rigor: 2.0/10 Quadrant: Lab Rats Why: The paper deals with advanced financial mathematics, including derivations for WACC and the cost of equity under different tax shield discount rate assumptions, but lacks any empirical backtesting or implementation details. flowchart TD Q["Research Goal: Solve Circularity<br>in WACC & Market Value"] --> M["Key Methodology<br>Algebraic Derivation"] M --> D["Data/Inputs<br>Cost of Equity Ke<br>Cost of Debt Kd<br>Corporate Tax T"] D --> C["Computational Process<br>V = (FCF / WACC)<br>WACC = E/V·Ke + D/V·Kd·1-T"] C --> F["Key Findings/Outcomes<br>Explicit V Formula Derived<br>Iterative Convergence Shown<br>Pedagogical Clarity Achieved"]