Financial Reporting

Valuing Subscription-Based Businesses Using Publicly Disclosed Customer Data

Valuing Subscription-Based Businesses Using Publicly Disclosed Customer Data ArXiv ID: ssrn-2701093 “View on arXiv” Authors: Unknown Abstract The growth of subscription-based commerce has seen a change in the types of data firms report to external shareholders. More than ever before, companies are dis Keywords: Subscription Economics, Financial Reporting, Corporate Disclosure, Revenue Recognition Complexity vs Empirical Score Math Complexity: 4.5/10 Empirical Rigor: 6.5/10 Quadrant: Street Traders Why: The paper employs moderate statistical modeling (e.g., retention, acquisition models) and valuation mathematics (DCF) but is heavily grounded in applying these models to real-world, publicly available data from companies like Dish Network and Sirius XM, focusing on practical implementation and backtesting against disclosed metrics. flowchart TD A["Research Goal: Value Subscription Businesses Using Public Customer Data"] --> B{"Key Methodology"} B --> C["Data: Public Disclosures Subscribers, Churn, ARPU, LTV"] C --> D["Computational Model Discounted Cash Flow DCF"] D --> E["Estimate Customer Lifetime Value Model Revenue & Churn Dynamics"] E --> F["Key Findings/Outcomes"] F --> G["1. Methodology improves valuation transparency"] F --> H["2. Public data can approximate internal metrics"] F --> I["3. Non-GAAP metrics are value relevant"]

Language of Persuasion and Misrepresentation in Business Communication: A Textual Detection Approach

Language of Persuasion and Misrepresentation in Business Communication: A Textual Detection Approach ArXiv ID: 2508.09935 “View on arXiv” Authors: Sayem Hossen, Monalisa Moon Joti, Md. Golam Rashed Abstract Business communication digitisation has reorganised the process of persuasive discourse, which allows not only greater transparency but also advanced deception. This inquiry synthesises classical rhetoric and communication psychology with linguistic theory and empirical studies in the financial reporting, sustainability discourse, and digital marketing to explain how deceptive language can be systematically detected using persuasive lexicon. In controlled settings, detection accuracies of greater than 99% were achieved by using computational textual analysis as well as personalised transformer models. However, reproducing this performance in multilingual settings is also problematic and, to a large extent, this is because it is not easy to find sufficient data, and because few multilingual text-processing infrastructures are in place. This evidence shows that there has been an increasing gap between the theoretical representations of communication and those empirically approximated, and therefore, there is a need to have strong automatic text-identification systems where AI-based discourse is becoming more realistic in communicating with humans. ...

Towards reducing hallucination in extracting information from financial reports using Large Language Models

Towards reducing hallucination in extracting information from financial reports using Large Language Models ArXiv ID: 2310.10760 “View on arXiv” Authors: Unknown Abstract For a financial analyst, the question and answer (Q&A) segment of the company financial report is a crucial piece of information for various analysis and investment decisions. However, extracting valuable insights from the Q&A section has posed considerable challenges as the conventional methods such as detailed reading and note-taking lack scalability and are susceptible to human errors, and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and similar techniques encounter difficulties in accurately processing unstructured transcript text, often missing subtle linguistic nuances that drive investor decisions. Here, we demonstrate the utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) to efficiently and rapidly extract information from earnings report transcripts while ensuring high accuracy transforming the extraction process as well as reducing hallucination by combining retrieval-augmented generation technique as well as metadata. We evaluate the outcomes of various LLMs with and without using our proposed approach based on various objective metrics for evaluating Q&A systems, and empirically demonstrate superiority of our method. ...

Financial misstatement detection: a realistic evaluation

Financial misstatement detection: a realistic evaluation ArXiv ID: 2305.17457 “View on arXiv” Authors: Unknown Abstract In this work, we examine the evaluation process for the task of detecting financial reports with a high risk of containing a misstatement. This task is often referred to, in the literature, as ``misstatement detection in financial reports’’. We provide an extensive review of the related literature. We propose a new, realistic evaluation framework for the task which, unlike a large part of the previous work: (a) focuses on the misstatement class and its rarity, (b) considers the dimension of time when splitting data into training and test and (c) considers the fact that misstatements can take a long time to detect. Most importantly, we show that the evaluation process significantly affects system performance, and we analyze the performance of different models and feature types in the new realistic framework. ...

Analiza Finansowa (Financial Analysis)

Analiza Finansowa (Financial Analysis) ArXiv ID: ssrn-3207765 “View on arXiv” Authors: Unknown Abstract Polish Abstract: Podręcznik składa się z sześciu rozdziałów. W pierwszym omówiłem podstawowy system informacyjny przedsiębiorstwa, jakim jest rachunkowoś Keywords: Accounting information systems, Financial reporting, Management accounting, Business information systems, Financial statement analysis, Accounting/Financial Reporting Complexity vs Empirical Score Math Complexity: 2.0/10 Empirical Rigor: 3.0/10 Quadrant: Philosophers Why: The excerpt appears to be a textbook on basic financial analysis concepts like liquidity ratios and operational leverage, with minimal advanced mathematics, and no evidence of backtests or implementation data. flowchart TD A["Research Goal: Analyze Accounting Systems & Reporting"] --> B{"Key Methodology"} B --> C["Qualitative Analysis of Polish Abstract"] B --> D["Review of 6 Chapter Structure"] C --> E{"Computational Process: Content Analysis"} D --> E E --> F["Key Findings Outcomes"] subgraph F [" "] G["Accounting IS Core Enterprise System"] H["Financial Reporting External Disclosure"] I["Management Accounting Internal Decision Support"] J["Statement Analysis Performance Evaluation"] end

Global Accounting Convergence and the Potential Adoption of IFRS by the U.S. (Part I): Conceptual Underpinnings and Economic Analysis

Global Accounting Convergence and the Potential Adoption of IFRS by the U.S. (Part I): Conceptual Underpinnings and Economic Analysis ArXiv ID: ssrn-1674723 “View on arXiv” Authors: Unknown Abstract This article is Part I of a two-part series analyzing the economic and policy factors related to the potential adoption of IFRS by the United States. In this pa Keywords: IFRS Adoption, US GAAP Convergence, Accounting Standards, Regulatory Policy, Financial Reporting, Corporate Accounting / Policy ...

A Review of Tax Research

A Review of Tax Research ArXiv ID: ssrn-1476561 “View on arXiv” Authors: Unknown Abstract In this paper, we present a review of tax research. We survey four main areas of the literature: 1) the informational role of income tax expense reported for fi Keywords: Income Tax Expense, Financial Reporting, Book-Tax Differences, Tax Research, Corporate Taxation, Equity/Fixed Income (Corporate Accounting) Complexity vs Empirical Score Math Complexity: 2.0/10 Empirical Rigor: 3.0/10 Quadrant: Philosophers Why: This is a literature review synthesizing existing theoretical and empirical work across disciplines, with no novel mathematical derivations or heavy statistical modeling, and it lacks the backtesting, datasets, or implementation details of a quantitative strategy paper. flowchart TD A["Research Goal: Review Tax Research Literature"] --> B["Methodology: Survey 4 Core Areas"] B --> C["Data: Existing Tax Research Studies"] C --> D["Analysis: Classify & Synthesize Literature"] D --> E["Key Findings 1. Info Role of Tax Expense 2. Book-Tax Differences 3. Corporate Taxation 4. Equity/Fixed Income Impact"] E --> F["Outcomes - Research Framework - Gap Identification - Future Direction"]

Global Accounting Convergence and the Potential Adoption of IFRS by the United States: An Analysis of Economic and Policy Factors

Global Accounting Convergence and the Potential Adoption of IFRS by the United States: An Analysis of Economic and Policy Factors ArXiv ID: ssrn-1357331 “View on arXiv” Authors: Unknown Abstract Drawing on the academic literature in accounting, finance and economics, we analyze economic and policy factors related to the potential adoption of Internation Keywords: International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), Accounting Standards, Regulatory Convergence, Financial Reporting, Policy Analysis, Corporate Accounting / Policy Complexity vs Empirical Score Math Complexity: 2.5/10 Empirical Rigor: 1.5/10 Quadrant: Philosophers Why: The paper is a conceptual policy analysis rooted in accounting and finance literature, with no advanced mathematical derivations or statistical models presented. It relies on theoretical arguments and literature review rather than data-driven backtests or empirical implementation. flowchart TD A["Research Goal US IFRS Adoption Decision"] --> B["Methodology Literature Review & Policy Analysis"] B --> C["Data & Inputs Academic & Regulatory Sources"] C --> D["Computational Process Comparative Assessment of Factors"] D --> E["Key Findings Cost-Benefit Tradeoffs & Political Feasibility"] E --> F["Outcomes Recommendations for US Regulators"]

Earnings Management and Investor Protection: An International Comparison

Earnings Management and Investor Protection: An International Comparison ArXiv ID: ssrn-281832 “View on arXiv” Authors: Unknown Abstract This paper examines the pervasiveness of earnings management across 31 countries between 1990 and 1999. It documents systematic differences in earnings manageme Keywords: earnings management, international accounting standards, corporate governance, financial reporting, equities Complexity vs Empirical Score Math Complexity: 2.5/10 Empirical Rigor: 8.0/10 Quadrant: Street Traders Why: The paper relies on descriptive country cluster analysis and multiple regression with large international datasets rather than advanced mathematical modeling, but it uses rigorous multi-country accounting data and robustness checks for implementation. flowchart TD A["Research Goal Examine earnings management across 31 countries (1990-1999)"] --> B["Data Collection Financial statement data & investor protection indices"] B --> C["Methodology: Discretionary Accruals Modified Jones Model Estimate abnormal accruals"] C --> D{"Computational Process"} D --> E["Cross-sectional analysis by country and legal origin"] D --> F["Regression analysis Earnings quality vs. investor protection metrics"] E --> G["Key Findings/Outcomes"] F --> G G --> H["1. Stronger investor protection reduces earnings management"] G --> I["2. Legal origin drives reporting quality differences"] G --> J["3. Common law countries show better earnings quality"]