Insurance research shares its toolkit with trading research — risk measures, stochastic control, extreme-value statistics — but asks different questions: how to price a liability whose payoff is a claim rather than a market quote, how to share risk between insurer, reinsurer, and policyholder, how to fund annuities when people live longer than the tables said, and how much capital keeps the firm solvent at a regulatory confidence level. Papers here range from premium-principle theory to catastrophe-bond pricing and pension-fund asset allocation.
Read with two filters. First, which data the paper touches: actuarial work often validates on simulated claim processes, so a paper that fits real loss or mortality data earns its rigor score. Second, which regulatory frame it assumes — Solvency II, Swiss Solvency Test, or risk-based capital rules change the risk measure, the horizon, and the answer. Risk-measure theory with insurance motivation also lives in the Risk Management hub; the two overlap on purpose.
Related hubs: Risk Management & Tail Risk, Stochastic Control & Optimal Stopping, Fixed Income & Interest Rates.